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Statistics on Child Abuse and Neglect, Foster
Care, Adoption |
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| Document Author: NCASAA Staff Contact: NCASAA Date Posted: 2/00 |
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Number of children reported as abused/neglected (1997)[i]: 2,980,000 Number of children substantiated/indicated as victims of abuse/neglect (1997)[ii]: 984,327 Historical Overview of the Numbers
Types of Abuse/Neglect Types of abuse in confirmed cases (1997)[xi]
Ages of Victims Ages of confirmed victims (1997)[xii]
Race/ethnicity of confirmed victims (1997)[xiii]
Fatalities from abuse/neglect confirmed by CPS (1996)[xiv]:1,185 children · More than 3 children per day · 34% increase from 1985 to 1996 Ages of fatalities (1995-97)[xv] · <5 years old: 78% · 42% of these were < 1 year old Causes of death (1995-7)[xvi]
Relationship to victim[xvii]
Sex of Perpetrators[xviii] · 62.3% female · 37.7% male Type of Maltreatment by Sex of Perpetrator[xix]
Age of perpetrators[xx]
Primary Presenting Problems of Reported Abusers Primary presenting problems of reported abusers[xxi]
Substantiated Cases Receiving CPS Services Substantiated cases of abuse/neglect receiving services from CPS (1997)[xxii]: · 49.1% of substantiated cases receive services (such as in-home services, family preservation services, counseling, parent training, or foster care) Removal from home by CPS (1997)[xxiii]: · 16.1% of children CPS confirms as victims of abuse/neglect are removed from their homes Difficulties Faced by Child Welfare Workers Difficulties Faced by Child Welfare Social Workers[xxiv] · Front-line workers in over 70% of AFSCME affiliates responding to a survey have been victims of violence or threats of violence while doing their jobs. · In most child welfare agencies, professional child welfare workers are required to have a four-year college degree yet most starting salaries are in the mid-$20,000 range. Top salaries, available to those with graduate degrees, range from $31,000 to $55,000. Caseloads of Child Welfare Workers
Historical Overview of Numbers US Department of Health and Human
Services,
Various Federal Government Sources
1997 Child Welfare League of America’s Stat Book Number of children in out-of-home care increased by 74% from 1986 to 1995 (from 280,000 to 486,000)[xxxvii] Children in foster care (10/1/97 through 3/31/98)[xxxviii]: 520,000. Keep in mind that this number is based on a 6 -month period. Many children enter and leave care throughout the year. In 1995, a total of 715,743 children received out-of-home care services for some period of time[xxxix]. Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (10/1/97 through 3/31/98)[xl]
Ages of Children in Foster Care Ages of children who entered foster care (10/1/97-3/31/98)[xli]: · Median: 8.2 years old · Mean: 8.4 years old Number of licensed foster care homes (relative and non-relative) (1996): 140,000 Decrease of more than 20,000 between 1995 and 1996 Goals and Outcomes for Children Goals of Children in Foster Care and Outcomes for Children Exiting Foster Care (10/1/97 through 3/31/98)[xlii]
Length of time in foster care for kids in care on March 31, 1998[xliii]: · Median: 21 months · Mean: 33 months Children with Parental Rights Terminated Number of children in foster care who had their parental rights terminated for all living parents (10/1/97 through 3/31/98)[xliv]: 37,000 Time Elapsed Since Termination of Parental Rights Time elapsed since the parental rights of these foster children were terminated[xlv]: · Median: 25 months · Mean: 16 months Time Elapsed between Termination of Parental Rights and Adoption Time elapsed between termination of parental rights for these children and their adoption[xlvi]: · Median: 14 · Mean: 18 Teenagers in the Foster Care System 30% of the foster care population are teenagers[xlvii] (1998) At age 18, young people “age out” of foster care and are cut off from most services provided by the foster care system Teenagers Aging Out of Foster Care Studies show these teens have difficulties making the transition to independence. A 1998 study found that 12 to 18 months after exiting care, many of these teens have trouble meeting their basic needs:[xlviii] · 49% were unemployed · 37% had not yet completed high school (though 90% were attending prior to discharge) · 32% were receiving public assistance (food stamps & AFDC) · 12% had been homeless at least once · 18% had been incarcerated at least once · 25% of males & 15% of females experienced serious physical victimization · 44% had difficulty acquiring needed medical care · only 21% were able to continue to receive mental health services (while 47% had been receiving these prior to discharge) Children Adopted from Foster Care Number of children adopted from the public foster care system in FY 1997[xlix]: 31,000 Estimate for FY 1998[l]: 36,000 Number of children awaiting adoption[li]: 110,000 Ages of Children Awaiting Adoption Ages of children awaiting adoption[lii] · Median: 7.8 · Mean: 8.2 Race/Ethnicity of Children Awaiting Adoption/Children Adopted Race/ethnicity of children awaiting adoption and adopted[liii]
Relationship of adoptive parents to the child in the public care system prior to the adoption[liv]
COSTS OF ABUSE/NEGLECT A recent study by the U.S. Department of Justice shows that many prison inmates were abused as children[lv]. Percent of inmates experiencing physical or sexual abuse before age 18
Studies show childhood victims of abuse and neglect are more likely to be arrested as juveniles or adults for nontraffic offenses and violent crimes.[lvi] Annual financial losses (in 1993 dollars)[lvii]: · Due to child abuse: 56 billion · Due to child neglect: 15 billion · 20% of out-of-pocket crime costs are related to child abuse CASA/GAL PROGRAMS The results of the 1998 National CASA Association Annual Program Survey[lviii] · Number of local program sites: 843 · Number of volunteers: 47,107 (11% from 1997) · Number of hours volunteered: 6,596,798 ( 6% from 1997) · Number of children represented: 183,339 ( 7% from 1997) · By Jurisdiction · Total jurisdictions in the US: 3,331 · Jurisdictions with a CASA program: 906 · Percent of jurisdictions with a CASA program: 27% · Percent of US population living in a jurisdiction that has a CASA program:72% Demographics of Staff, Volunteers and Children Served
Median Numbers for CASA programs: · 35 volunteers · 2 paid staff members · 131 children served · $75,000 in revenue · $562 is cost per child · $1947 is cost per volunteer · is about 6 years old · has 2 staff members · serves a population of less than 100,000 · has 22 volunteers, each giving 77 hours a year · represents 70 children while 30 more children go unrepresented · is about 11 years old · has 4 staff members · serves a population of more than 100,000 · has 73 volunteers, each giving 96 hours a year · represents 200 children while 300 more go unrepresented · Between 206,000 and 425,000 children in communities with a CASA program are not being served · Percent of children in need of a CASA who get a CASA: 36% · Average of 8 children waiting for every 1 served End _________________________________________________ Footnotes [i] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (1999). Child maltreatment 1997: Reports from the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [ii]Ibid. [iii] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1993). National child abuse and neglect data system: Working paper 2—1991 summary data component. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [iv]Ibid. [v] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1994). Child maltreatment 1992: Reports from the states to the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [vi] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1995). Child maltreatment 1993: Reports from the states to the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [vii] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1996). Child maltreatment 1994: Reports from the states to the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [viii] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1997). Child maltreatment 1995: Reports from the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [ix]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1998). Child maltreatment 1996: Reports from the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [x]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (1999). Child maltreatment 1997: Reports from the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/stats/ncands97/cm97.htm [xi]Ibid. [xii]Ibid. [xiii]Ibid. [xiv]Ibid. [xv]Ibid. [xvi]Ibid. [xvii]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (1999). Child maltreatment 1997: Reports from the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/stats/ncands97/cm97.htm [xviii]Ibid. [xix]Ibid. [xx]Ibid. [xxi]Wang, C.T. and Daro, D. (1998). Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities: The results of the 1997 annual fifty state survey. Chicago, IL: National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse. http://www.childabuse.org/50data97.html. [xxii]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (1999). Child maltreatment 1997: Reports from the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/stats/ncands97/cm97.htm [xxiii]Ibid. [xxiv]American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees. (1998). Double Jeopardy: Caseworkers at Risk Helping At-Risk Kids. Washington, D.C.: Author. http://www.afscme.org/pol-leg/djtc.htm [xxv]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. (1998). Trends in the well-being of America’s children & youth: 1998. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/98trends/trends98.htm [xxvi] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1992). Analysis of state child welfare data: VCIS survey data from 1986, 1987 and 1988. Washington, D.C.: Caliber Associates and Maximus Inc. [xxvii] Ibid. [xxviii] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1993). Analysis of 1989 child welfare data. Washington, D.C.: Caliber Associates and Maximus Inc. [xxix] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1998). Analysis of state child welfare data: VCIS survey data from 1990 through 1994. Washington, D.C.: Caliber Associates [xxx] Ibid. [xxxi] Ibid. [xxxii] Ibid. [xxxiii] Ibid. [xxxiv] American Public Human Services Association. (February 1997). Preliminary estimate from the Voluntary Cooperative Information System. [xxxv] American Public Human Services Association. (September 1997). Preliminary estimate from the Voluntary Cooperative Information System. [xxxvi] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (March 1999). Preliminary estimates from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System. [xxxvii] Child Welfare League of America. (1997). Child abuse and neglect: A look at the states. Washington, D.C.: CWLA Press. [xxxviii]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (January 1999). The adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system (AFCARS) report. [xxxix] Child Welfare League of America. (1997). Child abuse and neglect: A look at the states. Washington, D.C.: CWLA Press. [xl]Ibid. [xli]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (January 1999). The adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system (AFCARS) report. [xlii]Ibid. [xliii]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (January 1999). The adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system (AFCARS) report. [xliv]Ibid. [xlv]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (January 1999). The adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system (AFCARS) report. [xlvi]Ibid. [xlvii] Child Welfare League of America. (1998) State Agency Survey. Washington, D.C.: Child Welfare League of America. [xlviii] Courtney, M.E. & Piliavin, I. (August 1998). Foster Youth Transitions to Adulthood: Outcomes 12 to 18 months after leaving out-of-home care. (University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Social Work) [xlix] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (January 1999). The adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system (AFCARS) report. [l] Kroll, Joe. (Winter 1999). 1998 U.S. Adoptions from Foster Care Projected to Exceed 36,000. Adoptalk. North American Council on Adoptable Children. http://www.nacac.org [li] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (January 1999). The adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system (AFCARS) report. [lii] Ibid. [liii] Ibid. [liv] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (January 1999). The adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system (AFCARS) report.. [lv] Harlow, C.W. (April 1999). Prior abuse reported by inmates and probationers. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics. [lvi] Maxfield, M.G. and Widom, C.S. (1996). The cycle of violence: Revisited 6 years later. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine April 1996 vol 150 pgs 390-395 [lvii] Miller, Ted R., Mark A. Cohen and Brian Wiersema. (1996). Victim Costs and Consequences: A New Look. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. [lviii] 1998 National CASA Association Annual Program Survey.
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